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Physical and motor development and personality
Arvind is a boy studying in class 4rth. He is thin and small built. There are around 40 students in his class, and all of them are part of small group who eat, play and sit together in class. Arvind, however, is an exception. He is rarely seen with other student, he never initiates to participate in any activity, game or conversation. He prefers to sit alone in a corner while other children are playing and having fun.
You , as a teacher, may have come across an Arvind in your class. What could be the reason for his withdrawn behaviour? Sometime, the answer could very well be in the fact that the child is physically different from the others of the same age group. A less developed child who is shorter, weaker than others may tend to become shy and withdrawn. A child who feels physically different, e.g., taller , shorter or fatter, from others of the same age group, will have difficulty in social and emotional adjustment.
● Consider another child, Madhu, who always comes first in the races. The children in her class hold her in high esteem and everyone wants to be her friend. Similarly, other children who can jump further, do craft work better, can fold paper to make beautiful things, are admired by the other children.
● Throughout childhood, children become increasingly aware of their physical selves. This is accomplished not only by their awareness of their physical development, but also by their effociency in various skills.
● The attitude that children have towards their body make up as well as how skillfully they can perform the various tasks together help in the formation of positive self image or self concept.
● children whose motor skills are not well developed, or who look different from other children of their age group may be teased or ridiculed by others in the class and will have a poor self concept, leading to poor social and emotional adjustment.
Factor affecting physical and motor development
We often speak about the better develop and the less developed child. You must have noticed in your class children who are taller than other, children who can balance well, or do craft work better than others. You may have wished that all children could do these things as well as'that'
Child or that if only this child was stronger, and so on.
● what then must the teacher do to enhance the development of physical and motor skill in children? For this, one must first know about the factors on which physical and motor development depends.
● The physical and motor development of a child depends upon both biological and environmental factor. To be able to perform a physical or motor task, the child has to be maturation ally 'ready'. This state of maturation is often called 'readinass' and until a child is 'ready' to perform a task, no amount of training or 'pushing ' will be of much help.
For example:- a child will aim accurately, or balance well only when bones and muscles are developed, if any of these is immature, the child will not be able to perform these tas ks despite all the coaching I the world. Too much pressure at this point may result in frustration and anxiety in the child.
● This , however does not mean that an enriched and stimulating environment will not be beneficial. The child's diet, the health care, physical exercise, etc. All affect the physical and motor development of the child.
● A nutritional balanced diet, physical exercise and plenty of opportunity to practice skill would help the child achieve full growth potential and optimum motor development this in turn will lay the foundation for the future progress of the child.
Now that we have come up to the end of this section, let us list all major points that we have learnt
●● Physical and motor development of a child depends on.
1. Heredity
2. Environmental factors
Growth in a child occurs continuously. However , while the rate of growth is very rapid during the first two, years it slows down between 2 to 6 years. The rate is still slower between 6 and 10 years of age. Rate of growth is different for girls and boys. Hardening of bones, called ossification, begins early in the first years and ends puberty.
Muscle development is enhanced by good diet and exercise. While teeth start forming when the fetus is 6 weeks old, it usually erupts between 4 and 6 months of age. By the age 13, children would have entire set of teeth except the wisdom teeth, which would appear between age 17 and 25 years.
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